Research Approach

Power, Agency & Technology

My research draws on theories of power, agency, and human-machine communication to understand how people navigate technologically mediated environments.

Research Contexts

Warehouse workers & exoskeletons
Legal professionals & AI research tools
Chatbot-mediated organizational services
Human-machine communication theory
The challenges organizations face rarely stem from the technology itself — they arise from implementation practices that treat human behavior as a variable to optimize rather than a perspective to design for.

My research examines how emerging technologies alter communication patterns, redistribute decision-making authority, and transform perceptions of agency within organizations. Drawing on theories of power, agency, and human–machine communication, I investigate how workers adapt to technologically mediated environments and how organizations design systems that either support or constrain human expertise.

A consistent finding across my studies is that the challenges organizations face rarely stem from the technology itself. Rather, problems arise from implementation practices that treat human behavior as a variable to be optimized rather than a stakeholder perspective to be integrated into system design. When these dynamics are overlooked, the consequences are tangible: reduced autonomy, erosion of trust, and operational friction that undermines the efficiency gains organizations expect.

I study these processes across diverse contexts — from warehouse workers collaborating with exoskeletons, to legal professionals using AI research systems, to employees navigating chatbot-mediated organizational services. While the technologies differ, the underlying dynamic remains consistent: humans bring judgment, meaning-making, and social context to interactions with machines. Organizations that recognize and design for these human dimensions are far more likely to realize the potential benefits of technological innovation.

Core Throughline Whether the technology is an exoskeleton, a legal research tool, or a customer-service chatbot, the same dynamic holds: organizations that design for human judgment and meaning-making see better adoption outcomes than those that treat people as a variable to optimize.

Selected Publications

Google Scholar Profile
Theoretical

Negotiating agency and control: Theorizing human-machine communication from a structurational perspective

Gibbs, J.L., Fang, C., Kirkwood, G., Wilkenfeld, J.N. (2021). Human-Machine Communication.

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Empirical

Sensemaking, adaptation, and agency in human-exoskeleton synchrony

Wilkenfeld, N., Kim, S., Upsani, Kirkwood, G., Dunbar, N.E., Srinivasen, D. (2023). Technology in Society.

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Interested in Collaborating?

Open to research collaborations, speaking engagements, and conversations about power, agency, and technology in organizations.